Pestel Analysis of Indonesia free essay sample

Bahasa is the official language in Indonesia which is an altered type of Malay yet the most broadly communicated in language is Javanese. 88% of Indonesians populace is Muslim. It has an exceptionally enormous exchanging condition, with a few nations running in items from gas to materials. Among the most notable islands are Sumatra, Java, Bali, Kalimantan (once Borneo), Sulawesi (once in the past Celebes), the Maluku Islands (or otherwise called Moluccas, the first Spice Islands) and Papua.  Analysis Political Analysis: Political Background: In 1602 the Dutch set up the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and turned into the prevailing European force. Following liquidation, the VOC was officially broken down in 1800, and the administration of the Netherlands built up the Dutch East Indiesâ as a nationalized state. Japanese occupationâ during World War II finished Dutch rule,â and empowered the recently stifled Indonesian autonomy development. A later UN report expressed that 4,000,000 individuals passed on in Indonesia because of starvation andâ forced labourâ during the Japanese occupation. We will compose a custom exposition test on Pestel Analysis of Indonesia or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Two days after the acquiescence of Japan in August 1945, Sukarno, a powerful patriot pioneer, proclaimed autonomy and was designated president. The Netherlands attempted to restore their standard, and the subsequent clash finished in December 1949, when even with universal weight, the Dutch officially perceived Indonesian autonomy (with the exemption ofâ the Dutch domain of West New Guinea, which was joined into Indonesia following the 1962 New York Agreement, and the UN-mandated Act of Free Choiceâ of 1969). Sukarno moved Indonesia from popular government towards dictatorship, and kept up his capacity base by adjusting the contradicting powers of theâ militaryâ and the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). An endeavored coupâ on 30 September 1965 was countered by the military, who ledâ a rough enemy of socialist cleanse, during which the PKI was accused for the upset and viably obliterated. Around 500,000 individuals are assessed to have been executed. The leader of the military, General Suharto, outsmarted the politically debilitated Sukarno, and was officially delegated president in March 1968. His New Order administrationâ was bolstered by the US government,â and encouragedâ foreign direct investmentâ in Indonesia, which was a main consideration in the resulting three many years of significant financial development. In any case, the dictator New Order was broadly blamed ofâ corruptionâ and concealment for political restriction. Indonesia was the nation hardest hit by theâ late 1990s Asian money related emergency. This prompted well known dissent against the New Order which drove to Suhartos resignationâ in May 1998. In 1999, East Timor casted a ballot to withdraw from Indonesia, afterâ a quarter century military occupationâ that was set apart by universal judgment of constraint of the East Timorese. Since Suhartos resignation,â a reinforcing of majority rule processesâ has incorporated a provincial self-sufficiency program, and the firstâ direct presidential political race in 2004. A political settlement to a furnished rebel struggle in Aceh was accomplished in 2005. Political and monetary insecurity, social unrest,â corruption, andâ terrorismâ slowed progress, be that as it may, over the most recent five years the economy has performed emphatically. In spite of the fact that relations among various strict and ethnic gatherings are to a great extent agreeable, partisan discontent and savagery has happened. Following theâ resignation of President Suhartoâ in 1998, Indonesian political and legislative structures have experienced significant changes. Four revisions to theâ 1945 Constitution of Indonesiaâ have patched up the executive,â judicial, andâ legislativeâ branches. Political framework: The leader of Indonesia is the head of state, president of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, and the executive of household administration, strategy making, and outside issues. The president selects a chamber of clergymen, who isn't required to be chosen individuals from the lawmaking body. The 2004 presidential political race was the first wherein the individuals straightforwardly chose the president and VP. The president may serve a limit of two back to back five-year terms. The most elevated agent body at national level is the Peoples Consultative Assembly (MPR). Its primary capacities are supporting and altering the constitution, introducing the president, and formalizing expansive layouts of state strategy. It has the ability to denounce the president. The MPR includes two houses; the Peoples Representative Council (DPR), with 560 individuals, and the Regional Representative Council (DPD), with 132 individuals. The DPR passes enactment and screens the official branch; party-adjusted individuals are chosen for five-year terms byâ proportional portrayal. Changes since 1998 have particularly expanded the DPRs job in national administration. The DPD is another chamber for issues of local administration. Most thoughtful questions show up under the steady gaze of a State Court (Pengadilan Negeri); claims are heard under the watchful eye of the High Court (Pengadilan Tinggi). The Supreme Court (Mahkamah Agung) is the countrys most noteworthy court, and hears last discontinuance offers and directs case surveys. Different courts incorporate the Commercial Court, which handles chapter 11 and bankruptcy; a State Administrative Court (Pengadilan Tata Negara) to hear regulatory law bodies of evidence against the legislature; a Constitutional Court (Mahkamah Konstitusi) to hear debates concerning legitimateness of law, general decisions, disintegration of ideological groups, and the extent of power of state establishments; and a Religious Court (Pengadilan Agama) to manage classified Sharia Law cases. Political Fallout amp; the recuperation: In the 1960s, the economy disintegrated radically because of political insecurity, a youthful and unpracticed government, and monetary patriotism, which brought about extreme destitution and yearning. When of Sokarnos ruin in the mid-1960s, the economy was in disarray with 1,000% yearly swelling, contracting send out incomes, disintegrating foundation, processing plants working at insignificant limit, and irrelevant speculation. Following President Sokarnos ruin in the mid-1960s, the New Order organization carried a level of control to financial strategy that immediately cut swelling down, settled the cash, rescheduled remote obligation, and pulled in outside guide and speculation. Indonesia was up to this point Southeast Asias just individual from OPEC, and the 1970s oil value raises gave a fare income bonus that added to supported high monetary development rates, averaging over 7% from 1968 to 1981. Significant levels of guideline and a reliance on declining oil costs, development eased back to a normal of 4. % per annum somewhere in the range of 1981 and 1988. A scope of monetary changes were presented in the late 1980s including an oversaw depreciation of the rupiah to improve send out intensity, and de-guideline of the money related area, Foreign venture streamed into Indonesia, especially into the quickly creating trade arranged assembling segment, and from 1989 to 1997, the Indonesian economy develope d by a normal of over 7%. Suharto, the second leader of Indonesia. Under his New Order organization, the nation delighted in the continued financial advancement from 1970s to 1996. Elevated levels of monetary development from 1987â€1997 veiled various auxiliary shortcomings in Indonesias economy. Development came at a significant expense as far as feeble and degenerate establishments, extreme open obligation through botch of the budgetary area, the quick exhaustion of Indonesia’s characteristic assets, and a culture of favors and debasement in the business world class. Defilement especially picked up energy during the 1990s, coming to the most elevated levels of the political chain of importance as Suharto turned into the most degenerate pioneer as indicated by Transparency Internationals degenerate pioneers list. Accordingly, the legitimate framework was feeble, and there was no powerful method to uphold contracts, gather obligations, or sue for insolvency. Banking rehearses were a lot of unsophisticated, with security based loaning the standard and broad infringement of prudential guidelines, remembering limits for associated loaning. Non-tax boundaries, lease looking for by state-possessed ventures, household endowments, hindrances to residential exchange and fare limitations all made monetary contortions. 12. 5% of its populace live beneath neediness line (decided based on the national destitution line). Political Structure: In Indonesia after each multi year political race is being challenged for president and VP post by direct vote of the populace. Last time it was hung on 8 July 2009 (close to be held in July 2014). Susilo Bambang has chosen as president and Muhammad Yusuf Kalla is the Vice-President. Additionally, Cabinet likewise delegated by the president. Officially, Indonesia comprises of 33 areas, five of which have extraordinary status. Every area has its own assembly and senator. The regions are partitioned into regimes (kabupaten) and urban communities (kota), which are additionally partitioned into areas (kecamatan), and again intoâ village groupingsâ (eitherâ desaâ orâ kelurahan). Besides, a town is separated into a few resident gatherings (Rukun-Warga (RW)) which are additionally partitioned into a few neighborhood-gatherings (Rukun-Tetangga (RT)). Following the usage of territorial self-rule gauges in 2001, the rules and urban areas have become the key managerial units, answerable for giving most taxpayer supported organizations. The town organization level is the most compelling on a residents day by day life, and handles matters of a town or neighborhood through an electedâ l

Dissertation Topics in Mass Media and Journalism

Thesis Topics in Mass Media and Journalism â€Å"The sorts of inquiries explored in broad communications look into are for all intents and purposes unlimited† (Roger and Dominick 2006:5). Passing by Roger’s explanation, it is for all intents and purposes difficult to restrict broad communications investigate branches of knowledge. Given that an exploration work can never be great, thus, the impediments of an examination open the extension for additional examination work in the branch of knowledge. Here we have gathered various unique paper themes in broad communications and reporting. exposition themes in broad communications and news-casting for the most part address a few continuous practices in the field of news-casting. Be that as it may, it gets troublesome if the scientist centers around a tremendous branch of knowledge for instance the world film, which is a summed up subject and has no particular objective. Subsequently, in a perfect world it is recommended to limit the objective and spotlight on a particular research question, which is a critical piece of research work. The greatest test in this field is get hold of members and interviewees. Given media implies a down to earth approach basically as opposed to hypothetical, subsequently, a media investigate relies a ton upon whom we are talking with which can go from a typical man to a priest. The accompanying ten classes are only a portion of the subjects that can be secured and not a comprehensive list.1. Exposition Topics in Mass Media and Journalism †Journalism/News †Dissertation examples1.1 Representation of ladies writers in the media. How are ladies writers treated over the world and their constraints? 1.2 Newspaper perusers pay pointlessly for promotions in which they are not intrigued, however papers can’t manage without notices. Is there another option? 1.3 Night life and how it influences the adolescent in created nations a journalistic research. Night clubs, bars, strip clubs, discotheques and its effect upon the high school area of nations likeUSAandUK(You may allude to different nations also). 1.4 Does the media business follow Noam Chomsky’s Propaganda modelRefer to various nations and how they practice news coverage. 1.5 Journalism and showbusiness: where does truth based and target news-casting stand today with the act of infotainment based revealing around the world? 1.6 Paparazzi, sensationalist reporting, and tabloidism-is this the fate of news coverage? 1.7 Political disarray in India. How might the current political unrest in the UPA government influence its ties with neighbor nations? 1.8 An examination of neighborhood media in Britain †pick a specific media and its portrayal of a specific network issue; what were the effects for the nearby community?2. Exposition Topics in Mass Media and Journalism †Film/Cinema †Dissertation examples2.1 Bollywood and its overall revenues. How Bollywood has changed India’s social economy? 2.2Hollywoodor Bollywood-which is biggerHow does the business turnover add to the world market? 2.3 Is French film a national or worldwide film? 2.4 South-East Asian movies and other rising film showcases on the worldwide field. Danger to Hollywood? 2.5 YashRaj movies and its abroad business throughout the years. Analyze how the significant Indian creation houses like the YashRaj films have a hold around the world? 2.6 What makes USA and UK the significant business center point of Indian cinemaAn investigation of Indian worldwide film showcase. 2.7 An assessment of 3D advances in film its development and overall acknowledgment. 2.8 The music business and its billion dollar benefit. How does Pop, Rock, Classical, RnB, Bollywood music impact a nation’s economy? 2.9 How remote coordinated efforts and its upper hand demonstrated helpful for the film business over the yearsFor model Slumdog Billionaire? 2.10 Indian film Vs Bollywood. Is Indian film not a piece of Bollywood?3.Dissertation Topics in Mass Media and Journalism †International news coverage †Dissertation examples3.1 United Kingdom visa standards and its effect on the country’s economy. What can be the potential plans and systems to adapt to the huge fiscal misfortune and tackle downturn? 3.2 China has been the most proficient nation in rehearsing open strategy. Do you concur? 3.3 Globalization and its effect upon the organizations of creating nations; explicitly allude to India-a creating nation confronting financial stoppage yet at the same time a significant player on the planet showcase. 3.4 Stagnating economy of the United Kingdom. By what means can a created nation confronting steady downturn be shielded against the defeat of the country? 3.5 Anti-Islam position of the United States; even big names are not saved. The counter Islam video has made whine everywhere. How does this influence the picture of Muslims in different nations? 3.6 How proficiently does the United Nations reaction to a crisis or emergency circumstance in any country Examine how the UN rehearses purposeful publicity, open strategy and mental activities in controlling these circumstances. 3.7 Formation of media at last came to fruition during the Gulf War, the Somalia, Bosnia and Kosovo conflictDo you concur? 3.8 Psychological activities and purposeful publicity are critical to Iraq and Afghanistan’s country building process? 3.9How wars announcing and the job of a columnist influence in framing or crushing the picture of any nation?4. Exposition Topics in Mass Media and Journalism †Political and insightful announcing †Dissertation examples4.1 Critically examine the UPA government’s working in front of the parliamentary political decision in India in 2014. 4.2 Sonia Gandhi’s Italian roots and its effect on the eventual fate of India? 4.3 Corruption is equivalent with legislative issues. Do you concur? 4.3 Power of America-what has made the USA a definitive ruler? 4.4 Can there be any answer for Pakistan/Afghanistan/Iraq’s negative picture worldwide(or some other nation of your decision). Analyze the job of broad communications in cultivating generalizations and setting up pictures. 4.5 Politicians and ideological groups have lost their ideological drive. They are currently determined by the objective of promoting/offering their plans to the general population. Do you agreeChoose a specific nation. 4.6 Call places are making various occupations and helping the jobless segment of the general public. This would be unimaginable without the help of media and writers. Do you agreeSupport your answers with models. 4.7 Creating sufficient employments and instruction framework are as yet obscure guarantees made by government officials in numerous nations. Test into the real factors of creating countries?5. Thesis Topics in Mass Media and Journalism †Business reporting †Dissertation examples5.1 Go Green-How might you approach advancing an online store for green verdant items/attire to request for green insurgency? 5.2Fashion entrance how does the universe of style rule business showcase todayAn investigation of business market of significant nations. 5.3 Develop a person to person communication site and plan approaches to rival mainstream destinations such Facebook and Twitter. 5.4 Emergence of person to person communication destinations and internet business. Analyze how it changed the idea of business throughout the years? 5.5 3G nations and their commitments to the world economy. Dissecting every one of the nations development rate and where it would remain by 2050. What are the implications?6. Paper Topics in Mass Media and Journalism †Developmental news coverage †Dissertation examples6.1 Dowry framework and other obdurate practices still pervasive in present day India. Inspect media job in this issue and its suggestions upon improvement. 6.2 Primary training is as yet a removed dream for some nations. Research of the immature nations where the lack of education rate is increasing. Inspect the job of media in handling these issues. 6.3 Poverty, hunger, lack of healthy sustenance despite everything frequent the districts of Africa. What is the handy solutionHow can broad communications add to easing of povertyExamine specific district/locales/nations in Africa. 6.4 Female Condoms-the most recent disclosure; talk about top to bottom on the most proficient method to approach advancing it. Talk about the hazard factor of presenting it among the traditionalist social orders. 6.5 Women attack/assault is widespread now in India, are the authorities listeningExamine the job of broad communications in handling the issue. 6.6 Is instruction/monetary change the best approach to change a creating countryExamine the job of media in training advancement as a way to financial development.7. Thesis Topics in Mass Media and Journalism †Media talks †Dissertation examples7.1. An assessment of the job of media talks in encouraging ethnic clash. A contextual analysis/precise survey of the Bosnia Conflict. 7.2. The job of media in international strategy: can broad communications talks impact international strategy and why(The CNN effect).8. Exposition Topics in Mass Media and Journalism †Online media †Dissertation examples8.1 Can the web media unrest make the print media wiped out? 8.2 Examine the job of internet based life in the Arab uprising. Was it the facilitator of harmony or conflict?9. Exposition Topics in Mass Media and Journalism †Animation †Dissertation examples9.1 The film/promoting industry is inadequate with activity. Do you concur? 9.2 The universe of kid's shows and genuine business. Dissect a portion of the animation monsters and inspect how they changed a child’s play into billion dollar business. 9.3 The universe of activity both in principle and practice-you may likewise make a short liveliness film of your choice.10. Thesis Topics in Mass Media and Journalism Advertising/Public Relation/Corporate correspondence/Television creation †Dissertation examples10.1 Media and promoting: Can media exist without publicizing? 10.2 Public Relation and news coverage: Are open connection experts more fulfilled than writers? 10.3 Even huge creation organizations can't do mind

What Does It Feel Like to Be Addicted to Something

What Does It Feel Like to Be Addicted to Something Addiction Addictive Behaviors Print Understanding Addiction and What It Feels Like to Be Addicted By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 25, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD on November 25, 2019 ermingut / Getty Images More in Addiction Addictive Behaviors Caffeine Internet Shopping Sex Alcohol Use Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery If youve never experienced addiction, it can be hard to understand. Everyones experience with addiction is unique. This article is intended to encourage an understanding of people with addiction, not to represent or stigmatize any individual or groups. Feeling Apart and Isolated Imagine, for a moment, that youve never really felt comfortable with who you are. It could be because you feel like youve failed at everything youve tried, or because you were never satisfied with the level of success you did achieve. It could be because youve had thoughts and emotions that make you feel different from other people, particularly if you feel that you arent as good or as lovable as others. Or perhaps you were actually told, or shown, that you were no good, worthless, or that you existed just to meet other people’s needs. None of the things that the people around you enjoy feel good to you, and the experiences that bring others satisfaction are hollow and unsatisfying for you. Getting Hooked Then imagine that you have an experienceâ€"you drink, take a drug, win a bet or a game, have a sexual experience, overeat, make a large impulse purchaseâ€"and suddenly, everything feels great. You feel as if success is easy and right for you, that perhaps others don’t understand, but now it feels good to be alive. There is finally something you can depend on to be OK. It might be easy to get what feels good: for a person with a food addiction, a quick trip to the corner store and a few dollars can replenish your supply of chips and chocolate. For a person with an addiction to heroin, maintaining a habit can cost a lot of money, entail significant risks, and involve interactions with people you can’t trust. But compared to the emptiness of what you felt before, investing in the chance that you could again feel good about yourself and about being alive is what matters. Experiencing Consequences Sure, those around you dont understand why youre doing what you are doing. But this just makes you want to spend time with people who do understand, whose addictions make them feel exactly the way you do. You don’t even need to talk about it with themâ€"between you, there is already an understanding. With them, you don’t feel like an outsider, but like a member of a secret club. There is a steep price to pay for addiction. You may put on or lose weight, experience health problems, lose a lot of money, and destroy relationships. But your reasoning may be that nothing made you feel happy in the past anyway, and, at least for a short time, your addiction does. The more people criticize you, the more you want to seek comfort in that good feeling you get from your addiction. The more others lecture you about what you should be doing with your life, the more convinced you are that they don’t know what they are talking about. Sure, you wish what they were saying was true, but underneath, you know that a normal life was never for you. Except you long for a normal life. You wish that you could take satisfaction in the things that seem to make other people happy, such as graduation, a career, and a family. But to get those things, or to experience them the way you want to, you would have to believe in yourself and that self-belief has always eluded you. Wanting to Recover, But Feeling Stuck Most people with addiction struggle with a double life. You try to keep your addiction hidden from most people, most of the time, even when it is quite obvious to those around you. You have a hard time admitting to yourself that you are a person with addiction because no matter how fleeting, it gives you that brief moment when everything feels okay. You want to free yourself from your addiction  and not end up back where you started, with all the losses you have built up while you have been struggling. Recovery is possible for every person with addiction. But facing the problems that caused the addiction in the first place is scary. Its difficult to cope with the deep dissatisfaction with your life and to take responsibility for how your behavior affects other people. It means learning how to experience a gentler sense of pleasure in the small things in life and coping with the many challenges and imperfections of life, without retreating back into your addiction. Which means accepting being human, just like everyone else. 10 Things to Stop Doing if You Love an Addict

My Point Of View Of Franchising Essay - 2617 Words

TASK ONE According to my point of view, franchising is simply a technique for extending a business and distributing goods and services through a permitting relationship. It is a type of business that is owned and operated by franchisees but that is branded and overseen by a usually national or multinational company. Franchise is a business that you see in different cities. They are recognizable because their company logo and products are same. A franchise is a type of business that is the same all around you go. 1.1 Integrated business operations A term used to characterize an organization that consolidates two or more operations or divisions and works as a specialty unit. It is likewise called master franchise. Master franchise is a franchising contract in which the master franchiser hands over the control of the franchising activities in a specified territory to a person. Single product or service operations In simple words two or more company operated by single hand is called single products or service operations. Manufacturing and whole sale Manufacturing and Retail industry is subject to more opportunities, challenges as well as threats in other words supply the products Manufacturing and whole sale. Manufacturing and retail Manufacturing and retail is defined as when the product is ready to sell to the customers in other words direct transfer to manufacture to retail. Wholesale and retail Retailers consist of small and large for-profit businesses that sellShow MoreRelatedThe Cross Border Commerce : With Biblical Worldview Applications1478 Words   |  6 Pagestextbook, the objective of this paper is to define licensing and franchising, as well as expand the gained knowledge of the textbook reading. Licensing and franchising is an indirect form of exporting that entails the exporting of technology by companies (Satterlee, 2014). 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Children Live Long Enough - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2275 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/03/15 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Childhood Obesity Essay Obesity Essay Did you like this example? Childhood Obesity: Will children live long enough to make a difference? The late 1940s brought on a radical and drastic new change to the American culture when McDonalds first opened its doors and started introducing the public to quick, easy, and convenient new ways to consume their food. McDonalds prided themselves on being able to easily replicate delicious meals for families in a quick manner in order to provide more time doing other activities instead of being in the kitchen for hours at a time preparing meals. This was a tremendous concept and one that the American people became fond of especially in a post-World War 2 era when the pace of society started to pick up speed and women were starting to enter the workforce at a higher rate than ever before.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Children Live Long Enough" essay for you Create order Once the success of McDonalds was seen nationwide, due to Ray Kroc franchising the company and expanding all across the country, other fast food establishments began to emerge, thus giving the people even more choices for quick food options and more excuses to not cook homemade, nutritious meals like in past history. Establishments like Burger King and Taco Bell started their business in the 1950s and used the similar business model that had been working so well for the McDonalds franchise. Every passing decade saw more and more increase in activity in the American peoples lives. Work hours started to become longer when businesses incorporated twenty-four hour business hours. Stiffer competition for jobs increased which also led to more people becoming unemployed due to either a lack of education required or other factors. Women also were becoming even more prominent in the business world and establishing themselves as leaders and managers for many companies which took away from the traditional model of the family where the woman stayed home and took care of the children, the house, and the cooking. These changes were mostly all positive for the growth of our country except for the fact that Americans started to rely too much on these quick, convenient food options instead of cooking healthy meals for themselves and their family. Fast food restaurants saw this opportunity to capitalize on the growing trend in America and used clever marketing tactics in order to convince the public that they needed the fast food restaurants in order to survive the hectic pace the world was turning into. By using less than quality ingredients and charging a very low price for food, they almost gave the American population no choice but to dine in their establishments. Over time it just became a habit and after years and years of abusing the food and a lack of exercise because of the heavy demand of their career, people, and especially children have suffered tremendous health issues. The rise of obesity in both adults and children has been steadily increasing over the last half century, not to mention other chronic diseases like diabetes, heart failure, liver failure, ulcers, attention deficit disorder, and the list goes on and on. All of these have a relationship with the choice of food we put into our body, the amount of exercise we as the American population participate in, and lifestyle choices we make each and every day. Fast food restaurants are not solely to blame for the epidemic of obesity spreading across our country. Men, women, and children have a choice whether or not to consume these products, but the marketing and targeting tactics these establishments use to draw in consumers is not helping solve this disease epidemic either. There is not a strong enough regulation of the ingredients used in the food and that is an issue that our federal government needs to help address strongly and quickly because the trends of increased obesity in our entire population is still rising and doesnt look to stop anytime soon without a radical intervention. The increase use of technology in our country and worldwide has been changing the way people get their information. Technology has also changed the way we live our lives which is another major factor contributing to the marketing of fast food to lower income households and also on how we as a population live our everyday lives. Technology has attributed to the obesity in the United States without question. There is irrefutable evidence which shows that about one-third of American children and teenagers are overweight or obese, making childhood obesity the leading health concern for parents in the United States. But where did it all start? One can say that the invention of the television in the 1930s was certainty the pioneer for the future of a technological revolution. This new age device kept children mesmerized for hours while sitting in the same position for hours, for most parents this was a free babysitter and an easy way to keep children entertained. However with the increase of television sales the decrease of physical activity began to take place. The television was only the beginning of technology, and in the late 1950s video games arrived. An explosion of success hit the video game industry when they began to market specifically toward young adults and kids. The increase of sales attributed to such high popularity that almost every kid in America had a form of video game in their household. Although a great stride for technology, the effects of obesity were beginning to develop at full force. In a not so coincidental twist, the American Academy of Pediatrics has estimated that the average child spends upwards of seven hours watching television, browsing the Internet and playing video games each day. This is a huge increase in sedentary hours for children compared to the ratio of hours in which children physically exert their bodies and burn calories. Besides the overwhelming amounts of technology that surround children everyday, there is another underlying factor regarding technology that influences rates of obesity, that is the exposure that children receive while watching television. Most television advertisements are dominated by major food corporations who are responsible for the selective marketing of vulnerable populations such as children. According to a report in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association in 2008 9 out of 10 food advertisements shown during Saturday morning childrens programming are for low-nutrient foods that are high in fat, sodium and added sugars. This intense form of marketing changes childrens perceptions about food and in turn their health as well seeing as they prefer fast foods over healthy foods. Even more shocking is the fact that technology has a correlation between high rates of snacking and mindless eating. A study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology in 2014 monitored the habits of 1,003 sixth-graders over the span of a year. What the researchers found was that kids who spent more time in front of a screen whether it was a television screen or a computer screen, snacked more often during their exposure time and ate snacks containing high amount of sugar and fats, rather than vegetables or fruits. Childhood obesity cannot be solely blamed on one individual party because there are many responsible factors leading to this serious issue. One of these beings the similar lifestyle that many parents have in regards to their own kids health. Prior to the World War, women were stay at home mothers. One a daily basis, women attend to the children, completed daily chores and controlled the average familys food preparation, while men worked outside the home. Women also spent a good portion of the day finding fresh ingredients, preparing these ingredient, eventually consuming these ingredients and cleaning up afterwards. The correlation in time between the fast food industrys creation and the first feminist movements that encouraged women to go into the workforce made fast food part of the American dream. In the 1950s Americans pioneered the first fast food industry that gained so much momentum that people began to overlook the traditional ways of how food was consumed. Americans eating habits have had a major cultural shift, and have continued to decline since then. In decades to follow, other cultures began to contribute to the modified way people ate and cut out meal preparation for their families.This convenience was advertised as a way to add more time to an average day. This meant that fewer meals were being prepared at home and since manufactured food had higher calories than home cooked meals, the average individuals caloric intake increased dramatically. Cooking could no longer be used as an excuse to limit female involvement within the workforce thus making fast food a proponent of male and female parties. This idea was even more appealing to women who ran these typical duties until that very moment. The manufacturing food industry began to market on the peoples need for rapid convenient food. Processed or manufactured food is often designed as snack food with lots of salt, fat, and sugar, that is then marketed to the public as main meals. The 50s have remained memorial decades on its passing and in this era we are seeing more obesity in the general community than we did several decades ago. This is due to our broader environment of fast food, video games, and television, in which we live, making it harder to make healthier choices. In the eyes of every parents their child is unique, special and beautiful. However, doctors are now warning parents that their obese child(s) is at risk of facing serious health complication that could cut their lives short. Several American families arent knowledgeable about proper nutritional intake and have very little to no physical activity. We are all genetically predisposed to gaining weight, specifically when we are not eating healthy and lack of exercise. So what can parents do? If parents lead a healthy lifestyle, then children will follow their pattern model. It is important parents play a role in the support structure, diet factor, physical activities and overall health of the child. Childhood obesity has no preferences, it targets children of any age ,sex, and ethnicity. Its an epidemic that has grown so out of control that according to Kids Health 1 in 3 children are considered overweight or obese. We can no longer ignore the issue at hand, the children of this country are just that children. These children do not possess the mental development to control their own habits and realize that they have an issue that needs attention, and although they are part of the problem and solution, it is up to parents and adults to be active about the issue. The key to solving childhood obesity is not to treat it when it has occurred but instead to be proactive and prevent obesity before it can even occur. Programs such as Just for Kids! Obesity Prevention Program can help to not only physically motivate children to enjoy working out but it also encourages children to eat healthy. Parents who control the food distribution in the household can also make sure that what children receive for breakfast, lunch, and dinner is low in sugars, and fats and contains more vegetables, fruits and grains than anything else. The future of our country lies in the hands of our children, we need children who will outlive us, who will be the pioneers of the future and it all starts with proper nutrition and exercise. Obese children are at risk of suffering physical and mental health issues for the remainder of their lives; low self-esteem, diabetes, low self-confidence, and cancer. Hours spent in front of the television, on a smartphone, or computer screen have contributed to the decline of physical activity in children. These hours could be spent outside at a park, or even playing a sport of some kind. Lack of nutrition and physical education in not only homes, but school as well is a factor in children becoming obese. Health problems along the lines of high cholesterol, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, joint pain, apnea, and fatty liver disease. Children should be exposed to healthy eating habits and physical activities. Fruits and vegetable snacks could be offered instead of foods such as cookies, chips, and ice cream that include a high amount of calories fats or sugar. Replacing everything at once is ideal but not very realistic, taking one step at a time in healthier options for kids can help decline the obesity rate for the future. References Deckelbaum, R. J., Williams, C. L. (2001). Childhood Obesity: The Health Issue. Obesity Research, 9(S11). doi:10.1038/oby.2001.125 The reason we chose this reference is because it explained in depth more of the real health issues children face from obesity in the world. It provided a descriptive analysis of what issues children face when overweight and potential comorbid illnesses they may experience. Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., Flegal, K. M. (2014). Prevalence of Childhood and Adult Obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. Jama, 311(8), 806. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.732 This reference was used because of the information it provided not only on childhood obesity but also adult obesity in the United States and how the examples parents lead by can shape the health and attitudes of their children when it comes to making healthy food choices. Ebbeling, C. B., Pawlak, D. B., Ludwig, D. S. (2002). Childhood obesity: public-health crisis, common sense cure. The Lancet, 360(9331), 473-482. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09678-2 Dawes, Laura. Childhood obesity in America. Harvard University Press, 2014. Gortmaker, Steven L., et al. Increasing pediatric obesity in the United States. American journal of diseases of children 141.5 (1987): 535-540. Ludwig, David S., Karen E. Peterson, and Steven L. Gortmaker. Relation between consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obesity: a prospective, observational analysis. The Lancet 357.9255 (2001): 505-508.

Compare and Contrast Egyptian and Mesopotamian Culture Free Essays

The Mesopotamia Civilization and Egyptian Civilization, both at their prime around the same time had many similarities as well as many differences. Both civilizations brought ideas and processes into the world that impacted the development of other societies around the world. The Mesopotamia civilization was a theocracy ruled by a monarchy which they believed to be divine in origin, Meaning kings derived their power from the gods and were in direct connection with the gods. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast Egyptian and Mesopotamian Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The religion of the people of Mesopotamia as polytheistic, as they worshiped over 3000 gods and goddesses. The people believed the gods and goddesses owned the cities so each city had a temple that was built with much wealth. The temples owned much of the land and livestock. The temple was the center of the city as well as a political and economical center. There was three main social classes, nobles, commoners and slaves. Nobles included royal and priestly officials and their families. Commoners were the nobles clients as they worked for the palace and temple as well as other common workers of the city. Slaves ere owned by palace officials and were used for building project and weaving. The economy was based on agriculture. The valley between the Tigris and Euphrates Is where the Mesopotamia peoples thrived. The river valley Is the main reason why the society survived and prospered being that their economy was based solely on agriculture. The law code of the people was based on the principle of retribution, (eye for an eye). The Egyptian Civilization was a theocracy as they had a king thought to have a divine connection with the gods. Egyptians were a polytheistic peoples the worship any gods with two specific groups being the sun gods and land gods. The Egyptian religion was apart of everyday life and could be no other way, pleasing the gods was most Important. The Egyptian social class was God-king, nobles and priests, merchants and artisans, serfs and common people. Egyptians were content with their everyday life. They married young and established home and family. The two civilizations were very similar In ways. Both societies had a polytheistic religion and both had kings who had a delve connection with the gods. The social classes of both were similar the differences were the Egyptians had a class of recreants and artisans a class above the common people. The traditions are very different as the Egyptians were very extravagant In their celebration of death and preparation of kings and company going Into the afterlife. Both societies thrived In a river valley environment, both used agriculture to support the people both physically and economically. Also because of their locations other peoples wanted the land for Its fertility so each society has Its share of conflicts. Both societies has a writing form. Women. Men were seen as the head of household and the women here to care for the children and the home. How to cite Compare and Contrast Egyptian and Mesopotamian Culture, Papers

Singapore Culture Malayan and Indian

Question: Discuss about theSingapore Culture for Malayan and Indian. Answer: Introduction: Over-View of the Singaporean Culture: The very name of the culture is derived from Singa-pura meaning the city of the lion. It is pronounced as Singapore commonly from the fourteenth century. The main cultural traditions here can be classified as Malayan, Indian, Chinese, and to some extend it is traced in the Western culture. The country lies at the tip of the Malay Peninsula. It borders Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei (Allen 2013). The main island is flat and a hilly region surrounds the country. The climate of the country is tropical in nature and the humidity level is high with abundant rainfall. The country has a population of about three million. Among the total population near about 2.7 millions of people are the permanent resident of the country. In the state many languages are spoken. The national language of the country is Malay. The other four official languages are Malay, English, Indian, which is actually Tamil, and Chinese. English is the most used language there and it is the medium of instruction in the s chools. The state is secured economically and their national culture concept incorporates the economic stability. The national flag is divided into equal red and white sections. The flag symbolises unity and purity. The white crescent moon and the five stars in the circle is the symbol of a nation that is growing with the ideals of democracy, progress, peace, equality and justice. The national anthem is in the language, Malay. Singapore emerged as a nation after the year 1965 (King and McInerney 2014). Prior to the age, the country was under the British rule and the British did very little to the integration of the population. The state of Singapore received its independence in the year 1965 and joined under the Union of Malay in 1963 but again was expelled in 1965. Singapore has cultural links to India, China, Malaysia and Indonesia. Singapore is highly recognised for its high raised buildings (Greenfield and Cocking 2014). The city is called as a green city but in most of the part s, it has a groomed greenness. Singapore follows a distinctly modern trend of architecture, which has its roots in the functionalism in the 1960s culture. Singapore has a rich variety of food. The main ingredients include Rice, fish, Chicken, and vegetables. Singapore has a fully developed Industrial economy. The country mainly depends on the imports. The state has a very little source of natural recourses most of the products related to land resources are imported. Analysis: Factors Influencing the Culture: Singaporean culture has a strong influence of Chinese, Malay and Indian cultures. It is due to the history of the place that it has a diverse culture. In the 18th century, the country was only recognised as a popular free trading port and it attracted a number of Chinese immigrant some Indian and people from the parts of Europe (Turner Abercrombie and Hill 2014). The gathering of the people from the various parts of the world ended up creating a cosmopolitan culture. The ethnic races are still evident in the modern Singapore of today. Apart from the distinctions these people and their distinct cultures still holds its unique character and this mixture of cultures formed the Singaporean culture (Moore 2016). Singapore maintains a somewhat restricted art and cultural performances. Singapore has one of the rich cultures of the world. The National Day Parade in Singapore encapsulates and reflects the strength of the great success that the nation has been able to attain at the same time r etaining its essence. As Singapore is the unique blend of western culture and Asian modernity it has better scopes for the citizens and for the people who visit Singapore with a commercial outlook (Gardner 2013). Manufacturing is the most important economic sector and it is followed by the financial and business services, commerce, transport and communication. The main exports are electronics, natural rubber, palm oil and refined petroleum products. About two-third of the population is employed who can be identified as the residential population. Global Culture validates the promotion of a specific kind of life style, consumption style, and identities. Rigorous advertisement campaigns are arrenged by the industries in the non-western world to create an ever-expanding market for their products by crushing the local markets. Therefore, this can be considered as the affecting ground. Traditionally, culture has been a vital factor in imparting and strengthening the identity of the peopl e and the groups. The previous needs, traditionally satisfied by indigenous goods and services, are being replaced by new wants, requiring goods and services from other lands for the customers satisfaction. Living in the Culture: Singapore was once a swampland and now has become a multicultural hub of commerce. The city gleams with abundant material goods. The citys day-to-day life is governed with a series of rules that maintain the citys cleanliness and the orders. Life in Singapore runs at a rapid pace, as the entire country is a simple city, a large city with numerous industries. The daily life of the city is strictly bounded by the hands of the clock. Most of the people have regular work, which runs from about 9:00 am to about 6:00 pm (Borgatti 2014). The people of Singapore usually are identified in two ways, one by their ethnicity and by their nationality. In this way, people hold their ethnic, linguistic and cultural identities. The societal pressure leaves no option but makes the people become very competitive to each other. More than just the name most of the people of the country is united by the language. Despite westernization, Singapores laws and orders are equal for everyone. In the city, the b reaking of a law is not taken lightly. The International Relocation guide provides the citizen the needful practical information to live in the city. Life here is easy according to the locals. The conveniences and the social opportunities associated with the life here is plentiful. The code of conduct for the city is English and most of the products and conveniences of the western world is easily available in the country (Borgatti 2014). The city has become a fanciful destination for the person who seeks a high quality of living in a beautiful environment. The city has a busy working culture as many multinational companies have offices here, giving rise to a large work scope to the population (Pinar 2013). Singapore is mostly known as a materialistic culture. However, there for the young ones lives under the pressure of constant excelling in every field even from a very young age. The 95% of the local residential people appreciate the clean, safe, the efficient society. Singapore is also known for its peaceful political climate. Despite being known for a centralized and authoritarian culture, the type is considered as the pragmatic and rational and based on the rules and regulations. Cultural Evolution: Singapore feeds on a competitive open business environment that is corruption free. Core culture values and beliefs come into play in the communicative behaviours of the people. The culture of Singapore follows a strict hierarchical relationship in the society (Lantolf, Thorne and Poehner 2015). For them the concept of society is a composed ground where there are individuals belonging to different rank and standing. The history of Singapore dates back to the third century. From the ancient history, we come to know that the state was a vassal of the Chola Empire (Diener Inglehart and Tay 2013). The ancient kings named the city as Sang Nila Utama. In the year 1832, Singapore became the centre of the government for the Straits Settlement for Penang, Malacca, and for itself. The new and evolved Singapore has become the centre of expanding trade between East and West and has enabled a better way of trade by opening the Suez Canal in the year 1869. The site of the military action of the fo urteenth century made Singapore embroiled with Thailand and Majaphit Empire. The fall of Singapore was the largest surrender for the British during the Second World War. In the year 1959, Singapore became the crown colony and in the year 1965, it became an independent republic country. Singapores population consists of roughly 77% of Chinese, 14% of Malays, 8% of Indians and 1% of the other descends (Bochner 2013). The original inhabitants of the state were the Malay fishermen, but the establishment of the British empire made the city a colony and many people from the various lands came in the city with the dream of establishing a better life. Instead of having many migrants, the racial groups of Singapore had retained their identities developing them as the integral part of the country. Cultural Interaction for Business: The interactions between the culture helps to build a good business environment. There are many ways by which a particular culture can develop many ways to maintain the business culture with the other cultures. The exchanges of the business cards are a good way to keep relations growing. The global business meetings and the conferences are very helpful to maintain good business relations as in a global meet many participants belonging to various cultures gather in the meets to share their business ideas (Diener Inglehart and Tay 2013). The negotiation policies are vital tool in case of building good business relations. In Singapore, business is done at a rather slow pace or at a great speed. The Singaporean business people are polite and professional as well as they are tough negotiators. Singaporeans are generally open and cosmopolitan in their business outlook (Bagozzi et al 2014). The general advice to establish a good business relation would be better if one avoids indulging into the topics like religion, politics and the racial issues. Following the etiquettes while going for a business is also important information. The culture of Singapore was created to emphasise on the five official values, which includes the Nation, Family, Community, Harmony and Consensus. Conclusion: The culture of society reflects the core of a society. The values and the basic rules of the society are revealed by the cultural analysis of the society. Singapore being a multicultural society is rich in these aspects. The people and their habits also the daily life the habits of the particular country gives us a very subtle idea of how to deal with the culture. Singapore maintains a tight restriction on the grounds of art and cultural performances. Singapore is a secular immigrant country. In the country, one can easily witness religions like Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, and Christianity. The respect for the different religions and the personal beliefs are the important areas to follow and improve. References: Allen, V.L. ed., 2013.Children as teachers: Theory and research on tutoring. Academic Press. Bagozzi, R.P., Wong, N., Abe, S. and Bergami, M., 2014. Cultural and situational contingencies and the theory of reasoned action: Application to fast food restaurant consumption.Journal of Consumer Psychology,9(2), pp.97-106. Bochner, S. ed., 2013.Cultures in contact: Studies in cross-cultural interaction(Vol. 1). Elsevier. Borgatti, S.P., Mehra, A., Labianca, G.J. and Brass, D.J. eds., 2014.Contemporary perspectives on organizational social networks(Vol. 40). Emerald Group Publishing. Diener, E., Inglehart, R. and Tay, L., 2013. Theory and validity of life satisfaction scales.Social Indicators Research,112(3), pp.497-527. Gardner, H., 2013. The theory of multiple intelligences1.Teaching and Learning in the Secondary School, p.38. Greenfield, P.M. and Cocking, R.R., 2014.Cross-cultural roots of minority child development. Psychology Press. King, R.B. and McInerney, D.M., 2014. Culture's consequences on student motivation: Capturing cross-cultural universality and variability through personal investment theory.Educational Psychologist,49(3), pp.175-198. Lantolf, J.P., Thorne, S.L. and Poehner, M.E., 2015. Sociocultural theory and second language development.Theories in second language acquisition: An introduction, pp.207-226. Milton, K., 2013.Environmentalism and cultural theory: Exploring the role of anthropology in environmental discourse. Routledge. Montano, D.E. and Kasprzyk, D., 2015. Theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, and the integrated behavioral model.Health behavior: Theory, research and practice. Moore, B., 2016. 48. Privacy: Studies in Social and Cultural History. Pinar, W.F., 2013.International handbook of curriculum research. Routledge. Turner, B.S., Abercrombie, N. and Hill, S., 2014.Dominant Ideologies (RLE Social Theory). Routledge.

Pragmatism and Rationalism free essay sample

This paper analyzes the concept of pragmatism by Charles Sanders Pierce and compares it with Descartes notions of subjectivity. Charles Sanders Pierce is regarded as the father of Pragmatism. This paper sets this philosophy against the rationalistic and passive philosophy of Descartes. It describes how Pierce in his article How To Make Our Ideas Clear set out to clear the confusion about the notion of clear and distinct ideas in the traditional logic. This principle comes from the notion of fixing belief as a habit of thinking that tends to provide a suitable guide to action. Pierce starts his paper by criticizing the traditional logic for providing us with only neat terminologies about the notion of clear and distinct ideas. As he noted that a clear Idea is defined as one which is apprehended that it will be recognized wherever it is met with and so that no other will be mistaken for it (Descartes: Meditations). We will write a custom essay sample on Pragmatism and Rationalism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pierce notes that this definition of clearness is just neatly crafted words and nothing, because it only amounts to familiarity of ideas and a subjective mastery, which may be entirely mistaken. A distinct idea on the other hand is defined as containing nothing, which is not clear. Pierce says that definition in not only circular but also it leads to the abstract definition of distinctness, which has nothing to do with the actual practical concerns. Pierce further says that it is now time to formulate new thought and a method of attaining more perfect clearness of thought.

Programming and Developer Certifications

Programming and Developer Certifications As a professional programmer or developer, you can advance your career by earning professional certifications in your field. A certification from one of the big names in the business verifies your skills to current and future employers, so check out some of the many certifications available. Brainbench Certified Internet Professional (BCPIP) Brainbench offers certifications in three areas: Web Developer. Requires instruction and tests on HTML, Programming Concepts, RDBMS Concepts and Web Development Concepts plus four electives are chosen from more than 70 areas of specialization.  Web Administrator. Requires instruction and tests on Internet Security, Network Monitoring, Networking Concepts and Web Server Administration plus two electives chosen from 25 areas of specialization.Web Designer. Requires instruction and tests on HTML 4 and HTML 5, Web Design Concepts and Web Design for Accessibility plus two electives chosen from more than 35 areas of specialization. The certifications are structured to allow participants to choose a certification program based on their job requirements and skill sets. The program is offered online. CIW Certified Internet Webmaster Certifications The CIW Web Development Professional Certification includes front-end scripting language, back-end programming language, and database skills. CIW Web Foundations Associate Certification fosters an understanding of internet business, website design, and data networking.   Microsoft Certifications Microsoft revamped its popular Microsoft Certified Solutions Developer certification in early 2017. At that time, its five credentials- Web Applications, SharePoint Applications, Azure Solutions Architect, Application Lifecycle Management and Universal Windows Platform- were condensed to two new certifications: MCSE: Cloud and Platform Infrastructure. This certification  verifies that the recipient has the skills to run an efficient and modern data center. The training includes cloud technologies, identity management, systems management, virtualization, storage, and networking. Prerequisite: MCSA certification in Windows Server 2016, Cloud Platform, Linux on Azure or Windows Server 2012.MCSD: App Builder. This certification verifies the recipient has the skills needed to build mobile and web applications and services. Prerequisite: MCSA certification in Universal Windows Platform or Web Application. In addition to these certifications, Microsoft offers many other certifications in the fields of mobility, productivity, data, business, and databases.   Learning Tree International  Certifications Learning Tree International offers Specialist and Expert Certifications- each of which requires completion of several courses- in areas that include: Cloud ComputingCyber SecurityJava ProgrammingPython ProgrammingMobile App Development.NET/Visual Studio DevelopmentNetworking and VirtualizationSQL ServerWeb Development Each class lasts four or more days. Participants can attend the live, instructor-led course online. Each topic  has its own specific requirements, which are viewable online at the companys website. Oracle Certifications The list of Oracle certifications is immense and broken into categories of  Applications, Database, Expertise Management, Foundation, Industries, Java and Middleware, Operating Systems, Oracle Cloud, Systems, and Virtualization. Each of the many options has its own set of prerequisites, which is viewable on the Oracle website.   IBM Certifications The IBM list of certifications is lengthy. Among the certifications of interest to developers are: IBM Certified Developer - Apache Spark 1.6IBM Certified Developer - Cognos Real-Time MonitoringIBM Certified Developer - InfoSphere MDM Server v9.0 SAS Certifications Most of the SAS certification tests are earned online. Each one has specific requirements that can be viewed at the training website. Among the many certifications offered by SAS are: SAS Certified Base Programmer for SAS 9SAS Certified Advanced Programmer for SAS 9SAS Certified Data Integration Developer for SAS 9SAS Certified Big Data Professional Using SAS 9

Operating a truck fleet annual fees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Operating a truck fleet annual fees - Essay Example It is a companied by a dual fuel tank; this makes it possible for the trucks to travel for longer distances without stopping at any point for fueling. Its outer body is smartly designed; it has a raised roof creating a more grater space making the drivers position a comfortable place. The trailer uses a ten speed engine, it the most efficient in long distances and also the most suitable to carry heavy luggage’s (Rogers, 98). Annual registration of the trailers ranges 2424 USD. It is charged to all trailers. The registration includes government tax and basic registration fees. Other additional fee may include 28.25 USD for private sales, 1 USD for inspection on of state vehicles and any other relevant taxes that may occur due to purchase of the truck. Licensing plate fee is 1 USD; it may also be changed to transfer the existing plates which will amount to 6 USD. In United States drivers are governed by rules that should never be violated at any time. A driver qualifying to drive must be strong enough to be able to handle the trailer in an appropriate way. The maximum driving hours of driver are 11 hours after 10 consecutive hours of duty; the hourly limit should not exceed the 14th hour after coming on duty. The hour on duty limit no single driver can drive after 60 to 70 hours on duty in 7 to 8 consecutive days. A driver is allowed to start a 7/8 continuous period after having taken 34 hour hours off. Any driver using sleeper provision must take eight consecutive hours sleeping, plus other two hours either in the sleeping berth of or off duty (Lusty, 146). Allowing any driver to drive more than the required time is violating the law; it may be considered an egregious violation and is subjected to maximum civil penalties. The USA federal government requires all for one to start any king of business a certificate and a license have to be issued to prove that the business is legal. The role of the federal government as stated in the

Geomatics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Geomatics - Essay Example (PLSO) Geomatics tradition in land surveying and mapping science has enabled today's modern era to understand the scientific methods used in the same way as the challenge of representing a round Earth on a flat surface which was the basic confront for map projection; therefore land survey and graphical presentation were standard skills of the geographer as map maker. The principles of good measurement and models have enabled us to understand more or less 'land surveying' as a profession or an industry. Land analysis in surveying, usually done in professional concern is never so much neglected as forcefully rejected by the people. The reason is the perception built by customer, they are not concerned by the analysis and measurement, the only concern, which they possess, is the cost and commercial value of the asset. There are good grounds for most of the realignments, as flaws in analysis are recognised and replaced by very different approaches. Yet the rejection is too all embracing and it is a clear case of 'throwing the baby out with the bathwater'. The best example can be seen by the confusion people possess to accept it in the form of profession. There was a time when physical geography and mapping sciences were largely untouched by these perturbations and the scientific method in its broadest sense continued to serve them well. The question for human geography is now the form in which the heritage of spatial analysis may coexist alongside more recent qualitative methodologies and how both can contribute to the continuing development of the discipline. Some of the inheritance has never really gone away. Qualitative methods compete with the quantitative and each has something of value to offer. Research practices from anthropology such as participatory and observational techniques have a part to play. Although the teaching of Geography still reflects the influence of spatial analysis, it is far less evident in the weight of ongoing research and probably that is to the disadvantage of the discipline. As Turner (2002) pointed out, much of human geography has lost touch with mainstream social science research where positive science remains a strong component. This is not to denigrate the quality of the raft of research in human geography, simply to say that the balance needs to be restored and some of the prejudices removed. (Herbert & Matthews, 2004, p. 28) Increasingly competitive and complex real estate market surveys require international investors to become more knowledgeable about the unique requirements of real estate assets. The demand for the objective counsel of property advisers with technical knowledge of functional areas and products appeared to rise incrementally with the expansion of commercial property investment. Land surveying advisory services covered diverse disciplines within the profession, which includes mostly the real estate: the sale and leasing of property, real estate finance, institutional investment, property and asset management, portfolio investment management, and project management and construction.

The History Of The Oromo People History Essay

The History Of The Oromo People History Essay The following summary information was adopted from the book by Gadaa Melbaa, Oromia: An Introduction to the History of the Oromo People, 1999. The Oromo are also known by another name, Galla. The people neither call themselves or like to be called by this name. They always called themselves Oromoo or Oromoota (plural). It is not known for certain when the name Galla was given to them. It has been said that it was given to them by neighboring peoples, particularly Amhara, and various origins of the word have been suggested. Some say it originated from the Oromo word gaiaana meaning river in Oromiffa. Others indicate that it came from an Arabic word qaala laa. There are other similar suggestions as to the origin of the word. The Abyssinians attach a derogatory connotation to the Galla, namely pagan, savage, uncivilized, uncultured, enemy, slave or inherently inferior. The term seems to be aimed at generating an inferiority complex in the Oromo. Culture The Oromo are one of the Cushitic speaking groups of people with variations in colour and physical characteristics ranging from Hamitic to Nilotic. A brief look at the early history of some of the peoples who have occupied north-eastern Africa sheds some light on the ethnic origin of Oromo. The Cushitic speakers have inhabited north-eastern and eastern Africa for as long as recorded history. The land of Cush, Nubia or the ancient Ethiopia in middle and lower Nile is the home of the Cushitic speakers. It was most probably from there that they subsequently dispersed and became differentiated into separate linguistic and cultural groups. The various Cushitic nations inhabiting north-east and east Africa today are the result of this dispersion and differentiation. The Oromo form one of those groups which spread southwards and then east and west occupying large part of the Horn of Africa. Their physical features, culture, language and other evidences unequivocally point to the fact that they are indigenous to this part of Africa. Available information clearly indicates that the Oromo existed as a community of people for thousands of years in East Africa (Prouty at al, 1981). Bates (1979) contends, The Gallas (Oromo) were a very ancient race, the indigenous stock, perhaps, on which most other peoples in this part of eastern Africa have been grafted. In spite of the fact that there are several indications and evidences that Oromo are indigenous to this part of Africa, Abyssinian rulers, court historians and monks contend that Oromo were new corners to the region and did not belong here. For instance the Abyssinian court historian, Alaqa Taye (1955), alleged that in the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries the Oromo migrated from Asia and Madagascar, entered Africa via Mombasa and spread north and eastwards. Others have advocated that during the same period the Oromo crossed the Red Sea via Bab el Mandab and spread westwards. Abyssinian clergies even contended that Oromo emerged from water. On this issue, based on the points made in The Oromos Voice Against Tyranny, Baxter (1985) remarked, . . . the contention that the first Oromo had actually emerged from water and therefore, had not evolved to the same level of humanity as the Amhara (i.e. treating a myth of origin as a historical fact); or, more seriously, that Oromo were late co rners to Ethiopia and hence, by implication, intruders and not so entitled to be there as the Amhara. The history of the arrival of the Oromo people in the sixteenth century in East Africa from outside is a fabrication and denial of historical facts. It is a myth created by Abyssinian court historians and monks, sustained by their European supporters and which the Ethiopian rulers used to lay claim on Oromo territory and justify their colonization of the Oromo people. Several authorities have indicated that the Oromo were in fact in the North-eastern part of the continent even before the arrival of the Habasha. According to Perham (1948): the emigrant Semites landed in a continent of which the North-East appears to have been inhabited by the eastern groups of Hamites, often called Kushites, who also include the Gallas. Paulitschke (1889) indicated that Oromo were in East Africa during the Aksumite period. As recorded by Greenfield (1965), Oromo reject the view that they were late arrivals, . . . old men amongst the Azebu and Rayya Galia dismiss talk of their being comparative newcome rs. . . . . Their own (Abyssinians) oral history and legends attest to the fact that Oromo have been living in Rayya for a long time. Beke (cited by Pankurst, 1985-86) quoted the following Lasta legend: Meniiek, the son of Solomon, . . . entered Abyssinia from the East, beyond the country of the Rayya or Azebo Gallas. There are also evidence (Greenfield et al, 1980) that at least by the ninth and tenth centuries that there were Oromo communities around Shawa and by about the fourteenth century settlements were reported around Lake Tana. The recent discovery, (Lynch and Robbins, 1978), in northern Kenya of the pillars that Oromo used in the invention of their calendar system, dated around 300 B.C., is another indication that Oromo have a long history of presence as a community of people, in this part of Africa. The so called Galla invasion of Ethiopia is also a tale. It was first written around 1590 by a monk called Bahrey and henceforth European historians and others almost invariably accepted this story as a fact. From his writing, it is evident that he was biased against Oromo. The following quotation from Bahrey, (in Beckingham et al, 1954), vividly illustrates typical Abyssinian cultural, religious and racial biases against Oromo. He began his book The History of the Galla: I have begun to write the history of the Galla in order to make known the number of their tribes, their readiness to kill people, and the brutality of their manners. If anyone should say of my subject, Why has he written a history of a bad people, just as one would write a history of good people, I would answer by saying Search in the books, and you will find that the history of Mohamed and the Moslem kings has been written, and they are our enemies in religion. In fact it appears that the main purpose of his writin g was to encourage Abyssinians against Oromo. Bahrey, Atseme, Harris, Haberiand and others description of what they called the Galla invasion of Ethiopia as an avalanche, a sudden overwhelming human wave which could be likened to a flood or swarms of migratory locust is unrealistic and difficult to imagine to say the least. The Oromos Voice Against Tyranny argued that: . . . the so-called Galla invasion of the sixteenth century was neither an invasion nor a migration. It was rather a national movement of the Oromo people . . . with the specific goal of liberating themselves and their territories from colonial occupation. It was nothing more or less than a war of national liberation. In fact the last 2000 years were occupied with a gradual expansion of Abyssinians from north to south. This expansion had been checked throughout by Oromo. It was only with the arrival of Europeans and their firearms that Abyssinians succeeded in their southward expansion mainly in the middle of last century. Abyssinian and European historians alleged that there was a sudden population explosion in the Oromo community in the sixteenth century that enabled it to invade Ethiopia. The claim lacks a scientific base. During that time no significant, if at all any, technological development such as discoveries or introductions of medicines, new and improved tools for food production, etc. took place in the Oromo community that could have been the cause for the sudden population explosion. The Oromo community had no advantages of these sorts over neighbouring communities. Different areas have been indicated as place where the Oromo developed or differentiated into its own unique community of people or ethnic group (Braukamper, 1980). According to some ethnologists and historians, the Oromo country of origin was the south-eastern part of Oromia, in the fertile valley of Madda Walaabu in the present Baale region. This conclusion was reached mainly on the basis of Oromo oral tradition. Based on scanty anthropological evidence, others have also pointed to the coastal area of the Horn of Africa, particularly the eastern part of the Somali peninsula, as the most probable place of Oromo origin. Bruce, an English traveller, indicated that Sennar in Sudan was the Oromo country of origin and that they expanded from there. It should be noted here that many European travellers have suggested the origin of peoples, including Oromo, to be where they met some for the first time, which in most cases happened to be peripheral areas. There are several groups of people in East Africa very closely related to the Oromo. For instance, the Somalis are very similar in appearance and culture. The fact that the Somali and Oromo languages share between 30 percent and 40 percent of their vocabulary could be an indication that these two groups of people became differentiated very recently. Other Cushitic-speaking groups living in the same neighborhood who are closely related to the Oromo are Konso, Afar, Sidama, Kambata, Darassa, Agaw, Saho, Baja and other groups. Oromo have several clans (gosa, qomoo). The Oromo are said to be of two major groups or moieties descended from the two houses (wives) of the person Oromo represented by Borana and Barentu (Barenttuma). Borana was senior (angafa) and Barentu junior (qutisu). Such a dichotomy is quite common in Oromo society and serves some aspects of their political and social life. The descendants of Borana and Barentu form the major Oromo clans and sub-clans. They include Borana, Macha, Tuuiiama, Wallo, Garrii, Gurraa, Arsi, Karrayyu, ltu, Ala, Qaiioo, Anniyya, Tummugga or Marawa, Orma, Akkichuu, Liban, Jile, Gofa, Sidamo, Sooddo, Galaan, Gujii and many others. However, in reality there is extensive overlap in the area they occupy and their community groups. And since marriage among Oromo occurs only between different clans there was high degree of homogeneity. The vegetation of Oromia ranges from savanna grassland and tropical forest to alpine vegetation on the mountaintops. The forests contain a variety of excellent and valuable timbers. Oromia is known for its unique native vegetation as well as for being, the center of diversity for many different species. For instance, crops like coffee, anchote (root crop), okra, etc. are indigenous to this area. The Economy Potentially, Oromia is one of the richest countries in Africa. Agriculture is the backbone of its economy. Still employing archaic methods, subsistence agriculture is the means of livelihood for more than 90 per cent of the population. There are a variety of farm animals and crop plants. Farm animals include cattle, sheep, goats, donkeys, mules, horses, camels and chicken. The Cushitic speaking communities of this region perhaps Nubians, are credited with the domestication of donkey and were the first to breed mules, (a result of a cross between a donkey and a mare). The Oromo are expert in animal husbandry through their long tradition as herdsmen. For some, cattle-rearing (pastoralism) is still the main occupation. Because of Oromias favorable climate and rich soil, many types of crops are cultivated and normally there is little need for irrigation. Normally one and sometimes two crops can be harvested annually from the same field. Among the major food crops are cereals (wheat, barley, tef, sorghum, corn, millet, etc.), fibre crops (cotton), root crops (potato, sweet potato, yam, inset, anchote, etc.), pulses (peas, beans, chick-peas, lentils, etc.), oil crops (nugi, flax, etc.), fruit trees (orange, mango, avocado, banana, lemon, pineapple, peach, etc.), spices (onion, garlic, coriander, ginger, etc. coriander and ginger also grow wild) and a variety of vegetables like okra which is indigenous to Oromia. Many varieties of these important crops occur naturally in Oromia. These diverse crop plants are very valuable natural resources. Oromo farmers have contributed to world agriculture by cultivating and developing some of the worlds crop plants and in this way have discovered new domesticated varieties. The main cash crops are coffee and chat (a stimulant shrub). Coffee, a major cash earner for many countries, has its origin in the forests of Oromia and neighboring areas. Specifically, Kafa and Limmu are considered centers of origin for coffee. It is from here that coffee spread to other parts of the globe. Coffee was one of the export items of the Gibe states. Wallagga and llubbabor regions of Oromia exported coffee to the Sudan through the inland port of Gambelia on the Baro river and border towns of Kurmuk, Gissan, etc. Hararge, because of its favorable location for communication with the outside markets through the Red Sea, has been producing one of the finest coffees for export. C offee has remained the chief export item, representing more than 60 per cent of the foreign earnings of successive Ethiopian colonial regimes. The country is also rich in wild animals and plants. Many different species are found in the waters and forests of Oromia: different kinds of fish, hippopotami, and crocodiles. Land animals include lion, leopard, rhinoceros, buffalo, giraffe, wild ass, zebra, columbus monkey and elephant. There are a number of wild animals that are found solely in Oromia, such as nyaaia, bush-buck (special type), fox (from Baale), etc. Various types of birds, many of them unique, are found around lakes and elsewhere. These creatures are a source of attraction for tourists and natural scientists alike. The forests of Oromia are a source of excellent timber. Although the major portion of the forests has been destroyed since its occupation, some still remain in the south and west. However, this is threatened by mismanagement, particularly through the fast the expanding state farms and resettlement programs. At the time of colonization a large part of Oromia was covered with forest. This has been reduced to the present 5-7 per cent. In addition to timber trees, medicinal plants and trees producing different kinds of gums, grow in abundance. Myrrh, frankincense and gum Arabic are gathered from the wild trees. Forests, besides being a source of timber, medicine and gum, are useful in the conservation of water and soil, and as shelter for wildlife. They also have an important aesthetic value. Oromia has important mineral deposits. The gold mines at Adola and Laga Dambi in the Sidamo and around Nejjo, Asosa and Birbir river valley in Wallagga regions which were the major sources of revenue for Meniiek and Haile Selassie are being exploited using modern machinery. Other important minerals found in Oromia are platinum, sulphur, iron-ore, silver and salt. As early as 1900 Meniiek granted concessions to a Swiss company to mine gold, silver and other minerals in Nejjo, Wallagga region. Later the Germans took over. English, Russian and Italian companies extracted gold and platinum at Yubdo and neighboring areas in the same region. After some 60 years, the Soviet Union is continuing this business today in the same areas. It is known that large deposits of natural gas and oil exist in Baafe and Hararge regions. The Ethiopian government announced as 1986 the discovery of a new deposit of natural gas in Baale. The hundreds of hot springs scattered over Oromia are also of economic importance. Thousands of people, including foreigners, visit these springs for their medicinal and recreational value. They are a great potential source of thermal energy. Rivers, streams and springs are plentiful. The rivers have many fails that could be used to generate electric power with little effort. The extent of this electric power could easily satisfy the power needs of Oromia and several neighbouring countries.

Final Paper on Philosophy Essay

In its known usage, the word Reality pertains to something that actually exists and which can be felt by the senses. Metaphysics, a branch of Philosophy, tries to discern reality from illusion, as it investigates on things that are real which could also be just illusions of what people want to be real—ideals. However, what can be sensed from the surroundings does not seem to be just mere illusions, as the body and the mind react to everything it senses. In Philosophy, reality usually pertains to existence since it is contrasted with nonexistence—those unreal—and mere possibilities—could be real but does not necessarily exist, unless discovered. To this date, there are still speculations about the Nature of Reality. It could be possible that people are living on their dream worlds, and not in reality (like in the Matrix movie). However, these people perceive their dream worlds as an equal of reality. Hence, they are still living in reality unless someone drags them out of that reality and into another level of reality, which is more real. 2. On a nutshell, the documentary film â€Å"Zen and Now† by Alan Watts points out that people should live in the Now which is actually the main principle of Zen philosophy. Unnecessary baggage could only hinder the person’s progress, in moving on with his or her life. Personal progress seems to be the undying aim of Zen philosophy as it promotes moving forward rather than shackling the self behind in the past. It also does not entail the idea of expecting what could happen in the future. The primary focus is the Now, neither the past nor the future. The principle of Zen pertains to establishing a harmony with the self before people could establish it with others and with the world. Hence, it should be quite simple to understand what Alan Watts wanted to convey. Living in the now is the best way to live life since it gets rid of the excess baggage that drags the person towards his or her sinkhole—the past. This baggage usually make up of the person’s regrets, basically anything negative about his or her past (events, personalities, and the like). 3. The Zimbardo film is about the Stanford Prison Experiment which was conducted by Philip Zimbardo. Basically, it entailed the role-playing of both prisoners and guards by participants who were screened before being accepted. As the film would show, the participants’ imagination grew out of hand, even with the presence of the research team. It may possibly be an act out of human nature, when these participants were given their respective roles. They acted as if it were the real deal; guards taking out their frustration towards the prisoners and prisoners would plan of escaping or creating riots within the prison. The role-playing seemed to unleash genuine human nature of many participants as some would show sadistic tendencies towards the prisoners. It also seemed that imagination initially played a part on this â€Å"unleashing† but it was more the work of the subconscious that guided these people to completely assume their respective roles. The environment, upon which a person belongs to, can have an astounding effect towards him or her. It can actually alter some of the person’s traits as it is part of human nature to adapt to certain environments. It also influences the person’s perception of his or her reality as some situations and conditions involved in the environment would affect the person. 4. The Milgram experiment entailed the testing of a person’s obedience to an authority who orders would instruct him or her to do unethical things that opposes with the person’s conscience. Many of the experiment’s participants were reluctant of administering a high voltage shock of 450 towards the receiver. As the result would show, the willingness of the participant to administer the 450-volts shock greatly conflicts with his or her conscience. They have to be coerced, threatened, or abused in order to successfully administer the shock; unless it served a higher purpose. Humans do not obey commands that can be classified as unethical, immediately. Human conscience seems to prevent the person to follow the commands without hesitation. The experiment could already be perceived as unethical because it entailed the electro-shocking of the learner by the teacher—the participant. The relationship between authority and conscience was tested in this experiment. Many of the participants were reluctant to follow the commands of the authority figure. They showed signs of disobeying the authority figure since they would believe that what they were tasked to perform is unethical. 5. Steve Pinker’s stand is to refurbish the current English Language that has been ravaged by various media influences, by reclaiming the respect for the English language. Every person is capable to speak grammatically but somehow they would choose to follow the English language that popular culture seems to promote (as mentioned, rockers, surfers, valley girls), as well as the standards proposed by Mavens which he utterly despises. As long as these two would continue to promote their version of English, then relearning proper grammar would be a hard task. The promotion of the proper usage of English will definitely be a tough road ahead for the likes of Pinker, as media and the mavens would continue to influence society. 6. Both the environment and free will play a significant role in shaping a person into what he or she can become in the future. Free will would involve decisions to certain situations that could actually be summoned by the person’s environment. However, free will would ultimately shape the person more significantly than the environment as it is his or her decisions that promote the development of the person. The environment could only play a minor role on the person’s development. It is the person’s free will that shapes his or her future. I believe on free will as the catalyst in shaping the person. Free will enables the person to participate with the environment like making the right decisions for certain situations wherein some are raised by the environment. A person could not and should not rely on fate in order to help him or her progress in life or move forward. It is all the work of free will that allows such change to occur within the person and his or her life. 7. Charlie Manson experienced social regression in his childhood life, as his mother rejected him a few times; at one point, even trading him for a pitcher of alcohol. In prison, he learned the teachings of Scientology (a cult led by L Ron Hubbard) and applied many of it to his own established philosophy that he and his followers believed in. The growing crisis of the racial tension between the whites and blacks made him fear that one day, the blacks will take over the whites’ position in society, upon which believing that the Manson family will then have control over the blacks and their society. The Manson philosophy (coded: Helter Skelter) was as destructive as it can be, as it involved spurring chaos in society. His followers were made to believe that they were following the commands of a Jesus Christ incarnate, as they were forced to do anything he commands. It was not fate that brought him into becoming the person that everyone feared in the past. It was his free will that spurred the numerous murders, ordered his â€Å"family† to commit these killings, and sent him to prison. Apparently, he did not have control over his free will as he did everything that seemed to please him. 8. There would be a noise created as it falls to the ground. However, it would not be heard by anything or anyone as there are no living creatures in the forest; unless one would consider the surrounding trees as living things (frankly speaking, they are). It is for certain that there will be noise created as the tree would come crashing down, but without a creature to hear the noise, then it would not be considered as noise in the first place. Two sides could be drawn up from this question: (1) There is a noise since it fell to the ground hard (I suppose it would be hard), and (2) there would not be a single noise as no living creature heard it. For (1), anything can make a noise, intentionally or unintentionally. So it is impossible for the tree to fall down hard silently. In (2), even if the tree creates a noise while falling down, who would be there to receive the sound and conclude it as a sort of noise? That seems to be the main problem here as most living creatures (if not, all) could hear sound. Then again, noise was created but nothing was able to receive it and conclude that it was noise. 9. The Sensory Transduction involves the detection and translation of any form of stimulus. It involves the five senses, making sensory transduction an indispensable part of people’s lives. It involves how people would interpret what they could sense. It may be possible for people to control the transduction of sensorial vibrations (usually associated with feelings), although it might require immense amounts of concentration and will power. The brain would translate these sensorial vibrations for the benefit of the individual; which he or she later translates into experience by how he or she reacts to the translated sensorial vibrations (by the brain). On the other hand, these sensorial vibrations may travel too fast for the person, enabling instinct to take its course in providing the individual how to react on the given situation; given that he or she already experienced the same condition before. I believe people could control the transduction of sensorial vibrations simply because they could choose what they want to sense. A child would close his or her eyes on the scariest parts of the horror movie simply because he or she does not want to get scared. However, it could also be considered that instinct comes into play when the person would fail to react to these transductions. 10. Universal reality is simply the existence of all things; the totality of time, space, and being. Yes, there is a Universal reality in people’s lives because everything around them exists and it will continue to exist until it is removed from time, space, and being. Basically, Universal Reality makes up everything that people could sense around them inside this chamber. People may be unaware of this fact but the Universal reality does not remain constant forever, as it could experience constant changes; changes that enable people to adapt to an altered perception of that supposed Universal reality. Somehow it is thought that all realities originated from a single source of energy or force, upon which all top religions considered as God—the universal being. Basically, the answer would be that there is an existing Universal reality as it entails everything that people would perceive as real and those that can be unreal—as some individuals could perceive them while others could not. Universal reality is all that exists in people’s realities. Hence, there is such a thing.